Caffeines Mechanism of Action In Energy Drinks Free Essay Example, 1500 words

Caffeine can also be absorbed rectally and there are drugs designed to utilize this fact (ergotamine and chlorobutanol). The half-life of caffeine is about 3 to 4 hours but may vary depending on the health status of the individual; the factors that affect this include age, pregnancy, liver function and other medications a person might be taking. Since caffeine is metabolized in the liver, liver disease can result in accumulation of caffeine hence elevating the half-life to up to 96 hours(Craig Stitzel 2008, 229). Caffeine s Mechanism of ActionCaffeine is among the few compounds that can cross the blood-brain barrier into the brain. The mode of action once in the brain is inhibition of the functions of adenosine; hence it s referred to as an adenosine antagonist (Latini Pedata 2001, 466). Its structure is similar to that of adenosine and therefore it binds to same receptors as adenosine and as a result, blocks adenosine from occupying the receptors, consequently, adenosine is not a ble to act, it is therefore called a competitive inhibitor for this reason. Adenosine is found in all the body part due to its function in energy generation in the ATP cycle (Adenosine Tri-phosphate cycle) but in the brain it has a special function to suppress neural activity and increase blood flow, Caffeine does not activate these receptors and therefore inhibits these functions (Craig Stitzel 2008, 212). We will write a custom essay sample on Caffeines Mechanism of Action In Energy Drinks or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

The Book of Stories by Kristin Kladstrup - 771 Words

The Book of Story Beginnings Book Report In The Book of Stories Beginnings by Kristin Kladstrup, Lucy Martin found her great-uncles The Book of Stories Beginning and began writing her own story beginnings in the enchanted journal. She wrote about her father being a great magician. Everything written in the journal came to life. Lucys father turned himself into a raven using his magic potion and flew across the ocean to a mythical land called Catnberd Island. Lucy Martin and her great-uncle, Oscar Martin, went on a search to find Lucys lost father and save him from King Bertram. Kristina Kladstrup was born Sioux City, Iowa. When she was a child, she loved reading and writing and she decided that becoming a writer would be her vocation. The house that her mother lived in when she was a child inspired the setting of Kladstrup’s novel. Kladstrup had also written two other children books which are Garden Princess and Le Livre Des DÃ ©buts Dhistoires. She had co-written two childre ns books. One is A Night In Santas Great Big Bag with Tim Jessell and the other is The Gingerbread Pirates with Matt Tavares. I chose The Book of Story Beginnings because a friend recommended it to me. She said it was set in an island far away from Iowa. I enjoy reading about adventures to distant magical lands, so I agreed to read this book. Upon finishing to book, the ending of the book was different from what I had predicted. I thought that after Oscar helped Lucy find her father, Oscar

A Dead Man Is Good For Nothing - 2258 Words

Alexandra Hernandez English 1A Mr. Gejeian 5 July, 2015 Argumentative Essay A Dead Man is Good for Nothing In 1995 Duane Buck was convicted for the murder of his former girlfriend Debra Gardner and her friend Kenneth Butler. He was sentenced to death in 1997 and his case should definitely not be taken lightly, but Buck was given the death penalty over life in prison because of the fact that he was an African American. A state psychologist in his case, Dr. Quijano, argued that African American criminals are more susceptible to pose a future danger to the public, and this was the key testimony that the prosecutor relied on. Since then, his case has not been reopened. It was later admitted by a district attorney at the time of Buck’s case that African American jurors were routinely dismissed by prosecutors. In 2011, his lawyer argued that he deserved a new sentencing hearing without tainted prejudicial testimony, but his request was ultimately denied and they continued with the set execution date. The death penalty is prejudice and goes against all relig ious beliefs, but death overall is a cruel and unusual punishment and should not be used as a form of punishment by the government. Despite the fact that African Americans make up to just over thirteen percent of the nation’s population, more than forty percent of those currently on the federal death row are African American. Many may say or believe that the justice system is fair or honorable but the truth is that theShow MoreRelatedThe Snow Man by Wallace Stevens1518 Words   |  7 Pagesan afterlife. In his poem â€Å"The Snow Man†, Stevens describes a harsh winter environment creating a unique dramatic situation through an effective imagery. 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Converting Your Manual Bookkeeping free essay sample

If youre converting a manual bookkeeping system to a computerized system, your conversion will take a bit more time than just starting fresh because you need to be sure your new system starts with information that matches your current books. The process for entering your initial data varies depending on the software youve chosen. To ensure that you properly convert your bookkeeping system, use the information that comes with your software; read through the manual, review the startup suggestions made as you set up the system, and pick the methods that best match your style of operating.The best time to convert is at the end of an accounting period. That way, you wont have to do a lot of extra work adding transactions that already occurred during a period. For example, if you decide to computerize your accounting system on March 15, youd have to add all the transactions that occurred between March 1 and March 15 into your new system. We will write a custom essay sample on Converting Your Manual Bookkeeping or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Its just easier to wait until April 1 to get started even if you buy the software on March 15.While you can convert to a computerized accounting system at the end of a month, your best time to do it is at the end of a calendar or fiscal year. Otherwise, you have to input data for all the months of the year that have passed. Whenever you decide to start your computerized bookkeeping, use the data from your trial balance that you used to close the books at the end of most recent accounting period. In the computerized system, enter the balances for each of the accounts in your trial balance.Asset, liability, and equity accounts should have carry-over balances, but Income and Expense accounts should have zero balances. Of course, if youre starting a new business, you wont have a previous trial balance. Then you just enter any balances you might have in your cash accounts, any assets your business may own as it starts up, and any liabilities that your business may already owe relating to startup expenses. You also add any contributions from owners that were made to get the business started in the Equity accounts.After you enter all the appropriate data, run a series of financial reports, such as an income statement and balance sheet, to be sure the data is entered and formatted the way you like it. Its a lot easier to change formatting when the system isnt chock-full of data. You need to be sure that youve entered the right numbers, so verify that the new accounting systems financial reports match what you created manually. If the numbers are different, nows the time to figure out why.Otherwise the reports you do at the end of the accounting period will be wrong. If the numbers dont match, dont assume the only place an error could be is in the data entered. You may find that the error is in the reports you developed manually. Of course, check your entries first, but if the income statement and balance sheet still dont look right, double-check your trial balances as well. Read more: http://www. dummies. com/how-to/content/converting-your-manual-bookkeeping-to-a-computeriz. html#ixzz1SMwAbn8q